Grounding is claimed to offer a promising characterization of the fundamental as thatwhich is ungrounded. Detractors of this view argue that there can be fundamental and yet mutuallygrounded entities. Such a possibility undermines the denition of the fundamental as theungrounded. I aim to show, however, that the possibility of fundamental mutually grounded entitiesdoes not force us to renounce the prospects of characterizing fundamentality in terms of ground-ing. To accomplish this aim, I defend a grounding-based view that accommodates fundamentalmutually grounded entities (...) straightforwardly. My denition of fundamentality is similar to, butimportantly different from, one that Karen Bennett discusses. I conclude by resisting two objec-tions raised by Jessica Wilson against the Bennettian framework that also target theproposed view. (shrink)

Dispositionality and qualitativity are key notions to describe the world that we inhabit. Dispositionality is a matter of what a thing is disposed to do in certain circumstances. Qualitativity is a matter of how a thing is like. According to the Identity Theory of powers, every fundamental property is at once dispositional and qualitative, or a powerful quality. Canonically, the Identity Theory holds a contentious identity claim between a property’s dispositionality and its qualitativity. In the literature, this view faces a (...) contradiction objection that undermines its merits. We should therefore consider an alternative version that does not embrace the identity claim. My aim is to show that we can enjoy the benefits of the Identity Theory without embracing the identity between the dispositional and the qualitative. I shall argue that a distinction between two senses of dispositionality and qualitativity serves the purpose. I will then discuss three readings of the identity claim that can be formulated in light of such a distinction. I will conclude that even if the identity were to fail in any of the suggested readings, it would be possible to hold an account of fundamental powerful qualities. (shrink)

Em nossa época, a ciência e a técnica foram endeusadas e passam agora a ser olhadas como suspeitas, ante a degradação cada vez maior do planeta. Nossa civilização herdou o conceito grego de ciência e de técnica. Na Idade Média, houve propostas diferentes de considerá-las, tentando vê-las em um conjunto harmônico e não de forma estanque. O melhor modelo desta forma diferente foi o de Boaventura, em seu trabalho A redução das ciências à Teologia.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar a influência do pensamento de Jean Piaget na proposta das Concepções Abertas no ensino da Educação Física. A epistemologia do autor constituiu uma das referências para a proposta em questão, o que torna necessário o estudo dos pressupostos gnosiológicos e ontológicos da teoria piagetiana para a melhor compreensão das implicações político-pedagógicas do ensino aberto. É possível identificar problemas e limitações das Concepções Abertas, que, por herdar as visões de homem e sociedade defendidas (...) por Piaget, encontra-se presa aos parâmetros do ensino centrado no aluno.This paper aims to analyze the influence of the Piaget’s thought in the proposal of Open Conceptions in the teaching of Physical Education. The epistemology of the author was one of the references to the proposal in question, which calls for the study of epistemological and ontological assumptions of piagetian theory for better understanding of the political and pedagogical implications of open education. It’s possible to identify problems and limitations of Open Conceptions, which, by inheriting the visions of man and society advocated by Piaget, is attached to the parameters of education focused on students. (shrink)

What grounds facts of ground? Some metaphysicians invoke fundamental grounding laws to answer this question. These are general principles that link grounded facts to their grounds. The main business of this paper is to advance the debate about the metaphysics of grounding laws by exploring the prospects of a plausible yet underexplored minimalist account, one which is structurally analogous to a familiar Humean conception of natural laws. In the positive part of this paper, I articulate such a novel view and (...) argue for its merits. The minimalist account shuns essences and takes laws to be unmysterious elite regularities. Therefore, it is a promising alternative for theorists of ground who spurn the acceptance of essentialism about the grounding laws but think that these are needed in our theorizing. In the negative part, I argue that widely accepted principles of ground, coupled with the tenets of minimalism, jeopardize the fundamentality of the grounding laws. I discuss two immediately available and prima facie appealing strategies to evade this threat. However, I show that both have undesirable theoretical costs. I conclude by casting doubts on whether the benefits of a minimalist account of fundamental grounding laws outweigh such costs. (shrink)

Dispositionalism holds that at least some fundamental physical properties are ungrounded dispositional ones. Unfortunately, the very scientific practice that dispositionalists invoke to support their view undermines the dispositional thesis: putative fundamental properties such as mass, charge, and spin appear to be grounded in symmetry structures. Can the dispositionalist hold that fundamental symmetry structures are dispositional? Livanios (2019) defends a negative answer: symmetry structures do not satisfy the truthmaking principle of dispositionality. By contrast, I offer a positive answer. Here I argue (...) that if dispositionalists adopt an identity-based criterion of dispositionality, they can endorse what I shall call moderate dispositional structuralism: the view that the identity of fundamental symmetry structures is partially but not exhaustively fixed by their dispositional character. The purpose of this paper is to articulate moderate dispositional structuralism and its merits. To defend the plausibility of this view, I compare it with its radical counterpart: the view that the identity of symmetry structures is fully or wholly fixed by their dispositionality. -/- . (shrink)

In contemporary metaphysics, the doctrine that the fundamental facts are those which are wholly ungrounded is the received view or something near enough. Against this radical brutalism, several metaphysicians argued in favour of the existence of fundamental facts that are moderately brute or merely partially grounded. However, the arguments for moderately brute facts rely on controversial metaphysical scenarios. This paper aims to counteract the tendency in favour of radical brutalism on scientific grounds. It does so by showing that naturalistic metaphysicians (...) can appeal to plausible considerations from physical theory to establish the existence of moderately brute facts. But should the naturalistic metaphysician embrace moderate brutalism, namely the view that the fundamental facts are those which are merely partially ungrounded? Here I argue for a negative answer, recommending a more inclusive pluralism about the kinds of brute facts we can expect to find in nature. (shrink)

Aunque las primeras lecturas y apropiaciones de textos de Michel Foucault en Argentina datan de fines de la década de 1950, nos interesa aquí detenernos en algunas de las formas de circulación, lectura, interpretación y apropiación de las elaboraciones foucaultianas bajo las condiciones impuestas por la última dictadura militar argentina. Esta propuesta tiene, entonces, como objetivo principal reconstruir históricamente y analizar algunas de esas apropiaciones que, entre fines de la década de 1970 y principios de los ’80, se manifestaron en (...) las Ciencias Sociales, en debates académicos y en producciones relacionadas con problemáticas locales, bajo la hipótesis de que es posible divisar la vitalidad de un espacio público subterráneo que subsistió aun en las peores condiciones de opresión. Tomar algunos de estos casos nos permitirá explorar usos estratégicos en el ámbito político-intelectual que ampliaban los márgenes de un espacio público sofocado. (shrink)

Pode a história das instituições de ensino superior nos ajudar a compreender as causas de controvérsias filosóficas e os processos de mudança intelectual pelo qual velhos estilos intelectuais são substituídos por novos? Neste artigo, associo a emergência da filosofia pós-analítica nos Estados Unidos a partir da década de 1970 à reforma e expansão do sistema de ensino superior daquele país na segunda metade do século XX, que afetou a filosofia enquanto disciplina acadêmica e profissão. Tomando como ponto de partida as (...) reflexões de Richard Rorty a respeito do estado da disciplina no início dos anos 1980, mostro como seu diagnóstico de crise disciplinar, elaborado na forma de uma crítica filosófica aos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da filosofia analítica, é resultado de um processo mais longo e amplo de transformação das bases institucionais da vida filosófica profissional nos Estados Unidos. (shrink)

A fenomenologia de Renaud Barbaras é uma das poucas que continua hoje tentando aprofundar, de maneira original, o caminho aberto pela fenomenologia husserliana. Mas qual é, precisamente, o caminho escolhido por Barbaras para se inscrever na tradição fenomenológica? De que modo se insere no diálogo aberto por esta tradição? Neste texto, tentaremos repor os problemas e conceitos principais que nos permitem compreender a continuidade e a ruptura que apresenta a fenomenologia barbarasiana em relação a esta tradição, assim como alguns dos (...) limites de sua própria proposta. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo pretende analisar o tópico das "Duas Verdades" na história do pensamento budista. Seu objetivo consiste em elucidar esse tópico a partir do ponto de vista do "Satya-siddhi-śāstra". Parte-se aqui de uma consideração metodológica referente ao problema das múltiplas tradições intelectuais do universo budista, desenvolvendo-se uma análise do conceito das "Duas Verdades" presente no "Satya-siddhi-śāstra". ABSTRACT This article hopes to analyze the topic of the "Two truths" in the history of Buddhist thought. The subject is to elucidate this (...) topic from the point of view of the "Satya-siddhi-śāstra". The starting point is the methodological considerations concerning the multiple intellectual traditions present in the Buddhist universe developing an analysis of the "Two truths" as present in the "Satya-siddhi-śāstra". (shrink)

The DNA‐passage activity of topoisomerase II accidentally produces DNA knots and interlinks within and between chromatin fibers. Fortunately, these unwanted DNA entanglements are actively removed by some mechanism. Here we present an outline on DNA knot formation and discuss recent studies that have investigated how intracellular DNA knots are removed. First, although topoisomerase II is able to minimize DNA entanglements in vitro to below equilibrium values, it is unclear whether such capacity performs equally in vivo in chromatinized DNA. Second, DNA (...) supercoiling could bias topoisomerase II to untangle the DNA. However, experimental evidence indicates that transcriptional supercoiling of intracellular DNA boosts knot formation. Last, cohesin and condensin could tighten DNA entanglements via DNA loop extrusion (LE) and force their dissolution by topoisomerase II. Recent observations indicate that condensin activity promotes the removal of DNA knots during interphase and mitosis. This activity might facilitate the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin. (shrink)

A notória seção da Fenomenologia do espírito sobre a figura do senhor e do servo tem inspirado diversas tradições da filosofia social e política desde Hegel. Este artigo explora duas variantes interpretativas centrais dessa seção: a agonística, popularizada por Alexandre Kojève, enfatizando a luta de vida ou morte, e a reconciliatória, focada no reconhecimento recíproco. Como as duas leituras, embora opostas, encontram respaldo no texto hegeliano, propomos a hipótese de que isso se deve ao modo de apresentação da Fenomenologia, que (...) alterna entre as perspectivas da consciência natural e filosófica. Defendemos, então, que estas devem ser consideradas em sua interdependência a fim de evitar interpretações unilaterais. As apropriações críticas da “dialética do senhor e do escravo” feitas por Simone de Beauvoir e Frantz Fanon são mobilizadas, finalmente, para iluminar a ideia de que apreender a história como ela é experienciada é tão vital quanto descrevê-la como ela aparece “para nós”, filósofos. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone examinar algunas características de la máscara del coquus en el corpus plautino. En primer término, se estudia el modo en que este personaje, a partir de las referencias al castigo físico y a la pasividad sexual, es construido como un cuerpo subordinado al servicio de otros. Luego, se consideran sus apariciones como ladrón y como proveedor de placeres corporales. Proponemos que la forma en que los cocineros son representados en la palliata de Plauto pone en evidencia (...) el vínculo que la axiología republicana establece entre actores sociales subalternos, corporalidad y amenaza a los mores maiorum. This paper examines some characteristics of the coquus mask in the plautine corpus. First, we study how this character, from references to physical punishment and sexual passivity, is built as a subordinate body to the service of others. Then, we consider his appearances as a thief and a provider of bodily pleasures. We propose that the way cooks are represented in Plautus' palliata shows us the link established by Republican axiology between subaltern social actors, body and threat to mores maiorum. (shrink)

Under the light of ancient Western philosophies, our darker moods like grief, anguish, and depression can seem irrational. When viewed through the lens of modern psychology, they can even look like mental disorders. The self-help industry, determined to sell us the promise of a brighter future, can sometimes leave us feeling ashamed that we are not more grateful, happy, or optimistic. Night Vision invites us to consider a different approach to life, one in which we stop feeling bad about feeling (...) bad. -/- In this powerful and disarmingly intimate book, Existentialist philosopher Mariana Alessandri draws on the stories of a diverse group of nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophers and writers to help us see that our suffering is a sign not that we are broken but that we are tender, perceptive, and intelligent. Thinkers such as Audre Lorde, María Lugones, Miguel de Unamuno, C. S. Lewis, Gloria Anzaldúa, and Søren Kierkegaard sat in their anger, sadness, and anxiety until their eyes adjusted to the dark. Alessandri explains how readers can cultivate “night vision” and discover new sides to their painful moods, such as wit and humor, closeness and warmth, and connection and clarity. -/- Night Vision shows how, when we learn to embrace the dark, we begin to see these moods—and ourselves—as honorable, dignified, and unmistakably human. (shrink)

Draws from Latina feminism, existential phenomenology, and race theory to explore the concept of selfhood. This original study intertwining Latina feminism, existential phenomenology, and race theory offers a new philosophical approach to understanding selfhood and identity. Focusing on writings by Gloría Anzaldúa, María Lugones, and Linda Martín Alcoff, Mariana Ortega articulates a phenomenology that introduces a conception of selfhood as both multiple and singular. Her Latina feminist phenomenological approach can account for identities belonging simultaneously to different worlds, including immigrants, (...) exiles, and inhabitants of borderlands. Ortega’s project forges new directions not only in Latina feminist thinking on such issues as borders, mestizaje, marginality, resistance, and identity politics, but also connects this analysis to the existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger and to such concepts as being-in-the-world, authenticity, and intersubjectivity. The pairing of the personal and the political in Ortega’s work is illustrative of the primacy of lived experience in the development of theoretical understandings of who we are. In addition to bringing to light central metaphysical issues regarding the temporality and continuity of the self, Ortega models a practice of philosophy that draws from work in other disciplines and that recognizes the important contributions of Latina feminists and other theorists of color to philosophical pursuits. Mariana Ortega is Professor of Philosophy at John Carroll University and coeditor (with Linda Martín Alcoff) of Constructing the Nation: A Race and Nationalism Reader, also published by SUNY Press. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: SATS Jahrgang: 17 Heft: 2 Seiten: 185-196.

More than a matter confined to Mandevillean thought, the discourse on the relationship between imagination and sensibility is a significant theoretical framework of eighteenth-century philosophical thought. Sensibility and imagination appear in Bernard Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees as antithetical concepts, because they are fully articulated according to a natural and deterministic criterion of the expression of passions. Such a materialist understanding of the passions places a premium upon the proximity of stimulus and accordingly problematizes the responsive role of imagination. (...) I intend to show in this paper that the primacy of expression takes place, at first instance, regarding the imagination, which, as we can detect in all Mandeville's oeuvre, is well exemplified by the mimetic function that art itself earns. (shrink)

O fenómeno da corrupção não pode ser pensado sem a inclusão das suas potencialidades simbólicas. A informação que, pela acção dos mass media, aparece construída sob a forma de escândalo, acaba por determinar a própria construção da sua natureza factual. Logo, aqui impera a questão de saber por que é que as práticas corruptas favorecem o discurso do escândalo, bem como a legitimação dos mass media como instrumentos de objectivação dos comportamentos ilícitos. Procurar-se-á ponderar essas questões, mediante a formulação de (...) uma estética da "invisibilidade" inerente aos meios de comunicação, que é, por sua vez, reforçada pelas potencialidades discursivas das práticas corruptas. (shrink)

Resumo O propósito deste trabalho consiste em analisar criticamente uma recente proposta formulada por Needham no âmbito da Filosofia da Química. Este autor toma como essencialmente apropriado o modelo clássico de redução Nageliano. O objetivo fundamental deste trabalho consiste em avaliar certas implicações ontológicas desta tese neorreducionista. Em particular, a autora argumentará que a tese da redução interteórica formulada por Needham apresenta certas limitações, que advêm de uma atenção insuficiente a problemas ontológicos fundamentais. Sendo que estes emergem de uma análise (...) cuidada a algumas alegadas relações redutoras entre teorias. Palavras-chave : modelo nageliano, redução entre teorias, redução ontológica, reducionismo eliminativista, referenciaThe purpose of this paper is to analyse Needham’s recent proposal in the field of philosophy of chemistry. According to this proposal, Nagelian model of reduction is essentially appropriate. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate certain ontological implications of this neo-reductionist thesis. Specifically, I will argue that Needham’s thesis of intertheoretic reduction has some limitations: the proposal does not pay attention to some fundamental ontological problems that emerge from a watchful analysis of some allegedly reductive relations between theories. Keywords: eliminative reductionism, Nagelian model, ontological reduction, reduction among theories, reference. (shrink)

Os problemas clássicos da possibilidade, origem e natureza do conhecimento não deixaram rasto na obra de Vilém Flusser; e mesmo os relativos à ciência e à técnica foram abordados, não numa perspectiva teórica, mas prática.O autor de A Dúvida, depois de uma intervalar sedução pelas virtualidades integradoras da cultura lusíada, na versão brasileira, recaiu na atitude analítica, crítica e separativa em que nascera para a vida do espírito. A crescente preocupação operativa de que deu mostras a partir daí constitui uma (...) pedra de escândalo na modernidade, conforme se apura até da recepção que tem tido. (shrink)

Les Dissoi logoi posent de nombreux problèmes d’interprétation. Partant du troisième chapitre du traité, cette étude cherche à montrer que la soi-disant « thèse de l’identité » n’établit pas l’identité des prédicats opposés, mais leur relativité : certaines actions, telles que mentir, voler ou tuer, pourraient être considérées comme tantôt justes, tantôt injustes selon le kairos, c’est-à-dire le moment précis où il faut agir. Les vers de Cléobuline et d’Eschyle cités en faveur de celle-ci non seulement transmettent des exemples d’actions (...) normalement jugées injustes qui, dans certaines occasions, devraient être considérées comme justes, mais montrent aussi que la tâche créative des poètes et poétesses est un exemple de tromperie juste, ce qui constitue un argument additionnel en faveur de la thèse mentionnée. (shrink)